Sex-specific proteomic analysis of epileptic brain tissues from Pten knockout mice and human refractory epilepsy

These findings highlight differences between epilepsy and control brain samples in both humans and mice. Sex-specific analysis revealed distinct pathway enrichments between females and males, with males exhibiting a broader range of proteomic alterations. While these observations suggest potential sex-related differences in proteomic profiles, larger studies are needed to further validate these patterns. This exploratory work provides initial insights into possible underlying mechanisms of epilepsy and suggests that sex may be an important consideration in future epilepsy studies, though more comprehensive studies are required to establish therapeutic interventions.