DIGITAL CURRENCY OF CENTRAL BANKS: EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

The article deals with the specificity of the CBDC introduction and the prospects for their distribution. National banks in many countries introduce their own digital currencies, which is one of the main factors of transformation of the financial system. The leading features of the CBDC are centralization, regulation and issuance of government bodies. They are linked to fiat currencies, used for a wide range of payments, include a wide range of users due to the availability and ease of use, are a legal payment, protected by the State Reserve, make transactions faster and cheap, or free. The main goals of CBDC introduction are to increase access to financial services, to combat cybercrime and to laundering funds, to improve the quality of financial transactions in terms of speed, to reduce value, to transparency. The basis of the methods of introduction of CBDC - the use of technologies of private distributed registers, regulation of public authorities, linking to the national currency of the country. Among the main problems of introduction of CBDC are the combination of requirements of anonymity with transparency transactions, ensuring the stable functioning of the financial system and financial institutions together with this innovation, compatibility with financial transfers and lending to other countries, international systems that operate in real time. The results of CBDC implementation in different countries demonstrate differences in both the success of this innovation and in approaches and strategies. The latter depend on the priority of the goals that have been set before the CBDC. Emphasis was placed on improving access to financial services, reducing the cost of infrastructure that serves cash payments, reducing transactions, improving the quality of financial services, reducing cash circulation. Digital currencies of central banks can become a new factor in the distribution of countries in the financial, economic, social spheres, become the main reserve currency instead of usual currencies today, globally changing the rules in the financial sphere. Issues of technological innovation that will be able to combine the privacy of users and sufficient control of transactions, geopolitical processes and regional challenges will be the main factors of CBDC integration into the financial system of both individual countries and the global financial system.