THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of financial risk management, which is one of the key factors in ensuring the stability and effective functioning of enterprises in modern conditions of uncertainty. The main concepts of financial risk and approaches to its classification are highlighted, in particular, systemic and non-systemic risks are distinguished, internal and external factors of their occurrence are distinguished. The main types of financial risks are analyzed, including credit, interest, currency, operational, investment, inflation risks and liquidity risk. Their impact on the financial and economic activities of enterprises and factors that cause an increase or decrease in the level of financial risks are considered. Special attention is paid to political and macroeconomic aspects that can cause the emergence of new risks or exacerbate existing threats. The work systematizes scientific approaches to determining the essence of financial risk, and provides interpretations of this concept by various researchers. Key methods of financial risk management are identified, including diversification, insurance, hedging, limiting, creating reserves, using financial derivatives and avoiding excessively risky transactions. Mechanisms for assessing financial risks based on fundamental indicators, macroeconomic indicators, financial ratios and market multipliers are outlined. The main stages of financial risk management are considered, including identification, analysis, assessment, development and implementation of a risk minimization strategy, as well as constant monitoring and adjustment of risk strategies in response to changing market conditions. The importance of using financial regulations as a tool for controlling the level of risks, as well as the introduction of effective methods for predicting possible threats in the financial sector, is particularly emphasized. It is concluded that effective financial risk management contributes to strengthening the financial stability of enterprises, increasing their competitiveness and ensuring long-term development in an unstable market environment. A financial risk management model has been developed.