BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO BACTERIAL PATHOGEN IDENTIFICATION: TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES AND EMERGING ADVANCES

In clinical microbiology, monitoring the environment and protecting food safety, having the ability to identify bacteria is critical for learning about infectious diseases, the growth of microbes and pathogens found in food. Tests that rely on bacteria’s metabolic processes are used for telling apart and recognizing different kinds of bacteria. I will explain traditional and modern biochemical tests, what they involve, their strengths and their weaknesses. It looks at how microbiology is applied to clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring and the food and drinks industry, handling problems related to using phenotypic methods and explaining recent developments that improve both. The review points out that reliability, reproducibility and similarity between test results from different laboratories depend on strict quality control and set protocols. Thanks to this, ribosomal proteins are still important in diagnosing with molecular methods and add to our understanding of bacteria and their social interactions