Randomized controlled trial of intraosseous access vs. intravenous access in traumatic hemorrhagic shock: Effects on inflammation, hematopoiesis, and coagulation

While IO access enables rapid vascular access for resuscitation and reduces critical intervention time, despite its procedural efficiency in rapid vascular access for resuscitation, IO may inadvertently aggravate systemic inflammatory dysregulation, impair hematopoietic function, and worsen coagulation-metabolic disturbances through mechanisms such as mechanical stimulation, hypothermic fluid infusion, and oxidative stress.