Pyogenic Granuloma in the Oral Cavity of a Pediatric Patient: A Comprehensive Case Report

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a common benign oral lesion that commonly occurs on the skin or mucous membranes, including the oral cavity, due to factors such as trauma, irritation, or poor hygiene maintenance.It can occur in any age-group, including children.They are most frequently found in the maxillary anterior gingival regions, followed by occurrence in other regions such as mandibular gingiva, buccal mucosa, and palate.They have a varied clinical appearance ranging from a pedunculated or sessile stump to having smooth-surfaced reddish lesion to corrugated or friable appearance, depending on its maturity and the duration for which it has existed in the oral cavity.Pyogenic granuloma also has varied size ranging from a few millimeter to centimeters.Diagnosis is primarily based on patient history and clinical evaluation and is confirmed by histopathological examination.There are multiple treatment modalities for the treatment of this lesion.The most common and frequently used approach is the surgical excision of the lesion.Other options mentioned in the literature include laser-assisted excision, electrosurgery, sclerotherapy, and cryotherapy.One of the remarkable features of oral PG is its recurrence rate.Hence, emphasis on maintaining proper oral hygiene is of utmost importance and should be stressed enough to the patient.However, the long-term prognosis is generally favorable, provided there is complete excision of the lesion and no underlying irritating factors.This case report presents a detailed clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and treatment strategy for a 9-year-old patient with PG in the oral cavity.