Study of the influence of the design of the disc sprayer on the efficiency of dust collection in high-temperature flows

This article presents the results of experimental research on the purification of high-temperature aspiration emissions using a cyclone-type dust collector equipped with a disk liquid atomizer. The focus is placed on studying the influence of structural parameters of the atomizer, the physicochemical properties of the working liquid, and flow conditions on the geometric characteristics of the spray plume, droplet dispersion, and dust removal efficiency. The formation of a stable and uniform spray cone is a key factor in enhancing gas-liquid interaction and increasing the capture probability of fine and coarse dust particles. Measurements were carried out on a laboratory setup using a coordinate grid and absorbent surface to visualize droplet trajectories and spray shapes under various operating modes. The analysis included determining the plume height and cross-sectional expansion at different distances from the disk edge. The influence of variables such as disk diameter, number and shape of nozzle holes, rotational speed, gas temperature, humidity, and the presence of solid impurities in the recirculated liquid was evaluated. The study revealed that using contaminated water containing solid particles (e.g., quartz) significantly enhances the fineness of the atomized spray due to the reduction in droplet size, resulting in greater interfacial surface area. Mathematical models were developed to describe the relationship between operational parameters and the efficiency of the dust collection process. Optimization experiments demonstrated that a capture efficiency of up to 96–98% can be achieved while maintaining hydraulic resistance below 100 Pa, indicating the potential for efficient application of such systems in industrial high-temperature environments. The findings contribute to the development of resource-efficient, adaptable wet cleaning technologies for air pollution control in modern manufacturing facilities.