Synoptic and Dynamic Drivers of Extreme Precipitation in Greece: The Case of “Daniel” and the Cold Lake- Omega Block Interaction

This study investigates the meteorological phenomenon known as the "Cold Lake" in conjunction with the synoptic pattern of the Omega Blocker over Southeastern Europe, with particular emphasis on the extreme weather event "Daniel" that struck the Thessaly region of Greece in September 2023.The analysis focuses on the dynamic interplay between contrasting air masses, enhanced moisture transport from the Mediterranean and orographic interactions, which collectively contributed to the intensification of persistent and catastrophic precipitation.Event Daniel is examined as a case study, linking theoretical atmospheric mechanisms with observed societal and environmental impacts.Moreover, the research explores whether such high-impact phenomena are symptomatic of anthropogenic climate change or primarily driven by localized land-use practices and mismanagement.The findings underscore the need for an integrated meteorological, hydrological and urban planning framework to anticipate and mitigate the consequences of extreme weather events in a warming climate.