Research Progress on the TyG Index for Insulin Resistance and Associated Metabolic Diseases

目前我国高血压、高血糖、肥胖、脂代谢异常等代谢性疾病发病率随社会发展持续上升，显著增加心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、代谢相关脂肪性疾病、代谢综合征等慢性非传染性疾病发病风险。胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance, IR)作为核心病理机制，其早期识别对疾病防控至关重要。甘油三酯–葡萄糖指数(triglyceride-glucose index, TyG index)通过空腹甘油三酯与血糖乘积的对数值计算，作为新型非侵入性生物标志物，在评估胰岛素抵抗及预测代谢性疾病风险中展现独特优势。本综述将对TyG指数与胰岛素抵抗的作用机制作基本概括，重点阐述其在代谢性疾病诊断、风险预测及临床管理中的应用价值，以期为疾病的预防和治疗及临床综合管理提供一种思路和研究方向。In the context of China’s ongoing societal progression, the incidence of metabolic disorders, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia, is witnessing a relentless surge, significantly exacerbating the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellites, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance (IR), as a core pathological mechanism, is crucial for early identification in disease prevention and control. Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, calculated as the logarithmic product of fasting triglycerides and glucose, serves as a novel non-invasive biomarker and demonstrates unique advantages in assessing IR and predicting the risk of metabolic diseases. This review will provide a basic overview of the mechanisms underlying TyG index and IR, with a focus on its application value in the diagnosis, risk prediction, and clinical management of metabolic diseases, aiming to offer insights and research directions for disease prevention, treatment, and comprehensive clinical management.