ADVANCED SEISMIC PROTECTION: OPTIMIZING DESIGN OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING PERFORMANCE THROUGH PASSIVE ENERGY DISSIPATION TECHNOLOGY

In a country like Nigeria, where urban growth is rapidly reshaping cities and more multi-story buildings are going up, ensuring that these structures are safe during earthquakes no matter how rare is becoming increasingly important. This study focuses on improving the seismic performance of mid-rise buildings (between 10 and 15 stories) by using passive energy dissipation systems. These include devices such as fluid viscous dampers and tuned mass dampers, which are designed to absorb and reduce the energy a building experiences during ground shaking. Using structural analysis software, we developed a realistic model of a reinforced concrete building typical of those found in Nigerian cities. The building was tested under simulated earthquake conditions using real seismic data. We analysed how different damping devices performed when installed in various configurations, focusing on how well they reduced building sway, stress at the base, and the number of shaking occupants would feel. The results showed that integrating damping systems especially base isolators and fluid viscous dampers can greatly reduce structural movement and stress during seismic events. For instance, the most effective setup reduced inter-floor drift and peak displacement by over 60%, making the building much safer without requiring major changes to its design. This research doesn’t just stay in theory it offers practical advice for Nigerian engineers, architects, and city planners. It shows that even in places where earthquakes are less frequent, taking preventive steps in design can make a big difference. With the right approach, we can build safer, stronger mid-rise buildings that are better prepared for natural hazards, helping protect both people and infrastructure in the long run.