Evaluation of some hemostatic parameter in Albino Wistar rats administered tramadol

Tramadol, a synthetic analogue of codeine, is an opioid with central effects, recommended for its lower abuse potential and reduced respiratory depression compared to other opioids. It is used to manage acute and chronic pain of moderate to severe intensity. However, tramadol abuse has increased due to its speculated role in enhancing male sexual activity, prompting further research. This study investigates the effects of tramadol on haemostasis and haematological parameters. Twenty adult Albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups, including a control group and four treatment groups. The Low Oral and High Oral dose groups received 25 mg/kg body weight/day orally for 21 days, while the Low Intramuscular and High Intramuscular dose groups received 15 mg/kg body weight/day intramuscularly for the same duration. Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta and heart using a 25G needle and 5 ml syringe. Haemostatic parameters, including Prothrombin Time (PT), Partial Thromboplastin Time with Kaolin (PTTK), and plasma fibrinogen concentration, as well as Full Blood Count (FBC) and body weights, were measured using standard manual and automated methods. Data analysis was done using GraphPad Prism (version 6.04). Results revealed a statistically significant increase in PT and PTTK in the test groups compared to the control (p<0.05), indicating prolonged clotting times. However, no significant difference was observed in plasma fibrinogen concentration (P>0.05) or FBC. Prolonged tramadol administration also reduced the animals' body weight. In conclusion, tramadol demonstrated antithrombotic effects by prolonging PT and PTTK. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for tramadol in managing thrombotic disorders.