Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extract modulation on Glycoprotein IX, 1B alpha and 1B beta in albino Wistar rats

Jatropha tanjorensis leave extract is a common vegetable in Southern Nigeria use in the stoppage of bleeding in open injuries. Glycoprotein IX, 1Bα and 1Bβ complex plays a significant role in platelet physiology and pathology. It is observed to interact with von Willibrand factor (vWF) on the sub-endothelial matrix promoting platelet arrest at the site of vascular injury and it is important in primary haemostasis. This work is aimed at investigating the expression of these glycoprotein with varying concentrations of leaf extract using albino Wistar rats. A total of twenty-five (25) male albino rats were grouped into five groups of five rats each. The groups were controls (group 1), 1000mg/kg of leaf extract (group 2), 2000mg/kg leaf extract (group 3) and 4000mg/kg leaf extract (group 4). Ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction and semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to isolate RNA from rat bone marrow. Complimentary DNA was synthesized and subsequently amplified using polymerase chain reaction. Gel electrophoresis was used to determine the bands of the genes. Result shows that MRNA expression of glycoprotein IX was significantly higher in groups 2,3 and 4 compared to the control group (p<0.001). The MRNA expression of glycoprotein 1bα was significantly higher in group 2 and 4 compared to the control group (p<0.001). While MRNA expression of glycoprotein 1bα was significantly lower in the group 3 compared to control group (0<0.001). Relative expression of GP1bβ gene was significantly higher as the concentration of leaf extract increased when compared to the controls(p<0.05) and (p<0.001) respectively. Leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis significantly increased the expression of glycoprotein IX, 1bα and 1bβ. These could promote haemostasis by modulating the expression of key regulatory factors