Investigation of technological features of processes of erection of large-size coatings

To perform a comprehensive analysis of the technological features of the construction of large-span coatings, twelve completed projects were selected. Investigated variants for the construction of reinforced concrete or metal coatings were divided into four groups according to the criterion of using methods of free or forced lifting (movement) in installation processes. To perform calculations of installation and technological indicators of the erection of roofing structures, data on the movement of coating segments in horizontal and vertical planes were used between the areas of storage, pre-lifting and lifting to the design height. Also, the indicators of the duration of the processes of pre-lifting enlargement and lifting the segments of coatings to the design levels were used. The values of the total speed of installation processes, the total productivity of the installation team involved in the processes of coating erection and indicators of the total complexity of installation are displayed in the table and on the histograms. A comparative analysis of the indicators of installation technology indicates that the options for erecting segments of coatings using free lifting methods using crane technologies are significantly inferior to the options for erecting blocks of coatings of 100% readiness using crane-free technologies. The most effective among the options for forced movement of coatings were solutions using vertical guides or growing columns. The use of vertical guides or growing columns allows to compose the zones of storage, pre-lifting enlargement and lifting of coatings within a site that does not exceed the dimensions of the coating being mounted. The possibility of performing the entire complex of works on the construction of large-sized buildings in areas whose dimensions do not exceed the dimensions of the coating being mounted is a very relevant argument when developing structural and technological solutions for the construction of new and reconstruction, damaged by the ongoing war, of objects in conditions of dense development.