Enhancing Security and Traceability of Agricultural Products Supply Chain Using Blockchain and Fraud Food Ontology

With the rapid growth of the Algerian economy, the citizens' standard of living has consistently improved, leading to changes in their consumption habits. Consequently, consumers are paying increasing attention to food safety and quality. However, in recent years, several serious food safety incidents have occurred, including scandals involving the sale of expired food, price, and ingredient manipulation, and the monopolization of key food products like vegetable oils and flour. This paper presents a secure approach based on the integration of blockchain and ontology to ensure food quality, traceability, and confidence among supply chain stakeholders. Moreover, it permits the integration of risk management techniques into the food supply chain and control system, as well as real-time food traceability. The proposed approach serves as a supply chain framework committed to reducing fraud in the food sector. By leveraging blockchain and ontology, the solution ensures transparency, reliability, and security for all actors in the food supply chain. As a result, the proposed approach improves fraud detection accuracy and reduces the time required to retrieve and extract fraud information.