Spectrum Sensing Based Geographic Opportunity Routing Protocol in Cognitive Radio Network

The cognitive radio network (CRN) paradigm, though promising for alleviating IoT-induced spectrum pressure, faces significant challenges in routing protocol design, particularly in effective channel information utilization for reliable end-to-end communication. To address this issue, we propose GORP, a geographic opportunistic routing protocol that leverages spectrum sensing capabilities and spatial information of cognitive nodes. GORP employs a distributed spectrum sensing mechanism enabling cognitive users to identify idle channels while incorporating both geographical location data and statistical channel information to optimize next-hop relay node selection for reliable route establishment. Experimental results demonstrate that GORP significantly outperforms the existing SEARCH protocol, achieving substantial improvements in terms of end-to-end delay and energy during data transmission.