Mathematical model of three-dimensional determination of the degree of spine deformation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

It is known that every fourth child in Ukraine has a posture disorder. According to the Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, in 2019, 99,467 children were diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis of varying degrees, and according to the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, only during preventive examinations in 2020, 92,322 children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were diagnosed with a peak of 0-17 years, among whom 45,553 were boys. Аim - to make comprehensive assessment of the severity of spinal deformity in the sagittal, frontal, and axial planes, taking into account the primary scoliotic curvature in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Materials and methods. When creating a mathematical model, morphometric data obtained by linear measurements on radiographs in 45 patients of both sexes, with previously diagnosed scoliosis of the I-II degree, were taken into account. The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 18 years (mean age 15.2±0.45 years). Among the total number of patients, left-sided pathology was observed in 21 patients, and right-sided scoliosis was observed in 24 children, respectively. Measurements of the values of the selected anatomical factors were performed simultaneously on two two-dimensional X-ray images of the spine in the frontal and sagittal projections. Results. It has been proven that visual analysis of the spatial orientation of the vertebrae in scoliotic deformation in adolescents based on two-dimensional radiographs is usually misleading and does not provide reliable data, since the results of flat images are unable to show the true frontal and lateral linear parameters of anatomical objects. Conclusions. A mathematical model has been developed and proposed for determining the true magnitude of spinal curvature in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by 3D reconstructive modeling of two-dimensional X-ray images in frontal and sagittal projections, which allows predicting the course of the pathology depending on the localization of the side of pathology formation. The authors declare no conflict of interest.