The Role of Ultrasound in Diagnosing Fetal Anterior Abdominal Wall Anomalies

Introduction: Anomalies of the fetal anterior abdominal wall result from defective embryonic development or failure of embryonic fusion, potentially leading to life-threatening conditions. The incidence is approximately 6.3 per 10,000 pregnancies [1]. Prenatal ultrasound serves as a key diagnostic tool for early detection and management planning [2]. Methods: This study is a retrospective case series conducted over three years (January 2021 to December 2023) at the Kairouan Maternity Hospital. We analyzed medical records of seven cases diagnosed with fetal anterior abdominal wall anomalies via prenatal ultrasound. Results: Among the seven cases, four were diagnosed with omphalocele, two with gastroschisis, and one with bladder exstrophy. Two cases were identified early (13 and 22 weeks of gestation), leading to medical termination of pregnancy. The remaining cases were followed to term, with postnatal surgical management. Conclusion: Fetal anterior abdominal wall anomalies, though rare, significantly impact fetal prognosis due to potential associated malformations and chromosomal abnormalities. Prenatal ultrasound remains an essential tool for early diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and guiding clinical management.