Evaluation of demographic characteristics and non-occupational exposures in occupational asthma: a single center experience

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate differences in demographic characteristics, occupational, and non-occupational exposures (NOE) between patients diagnosed with occupational asthma (OA) and non-occupational asthma (NOA). Methods: A total of 114 patients with suspected work-related asthma were evaluated, and 82 asthma-diagnosed patients were included in the study. Results: Among the 82 patients, 29 (35.4%) were diagnosed with OA. Seventy-two (87.8%) asthma patients were exposed to low molecular weight agents. The most common sector was ceramics (OA group n: 6 [7.3%]; NOA group n: 6 [7.3%]). The NOA group had a higher likelihood of being exposed to non-occupational agents that could trigger asthma. A higher frequency of pet bird ownership (OA group n: 4 [4.9%]; NOA group n: 12 [14.6%]) and current humidity or moisture exposure at home (OA group n: 3 [3.7%]; NOA group n: 7 [8.5%]) was observed in the NOA group. A negative correlation was found between the duration of asthma symptoms and both FEV1 and the FEV1/FVC ratio in OA patients with a history of COVID-19. Additionally, total IgE levels were significantly higher in immunological asthmatics with OA compared to those with NOA. Among OA patients exposed to NOE, FEV1 levels were 1.33 times higher in those without NOE. Conclusion: NOE that may cause asthma can coexist with occupational exposures in OA cases. A comprehensive history, including environmental, indoor, and individual risk factors, as well as previous COVID-19 infection, is crucial for accurately identifying multiple asthma-causing agents and improving disease management by eliminating triggers.