Two fatal case reports of cardiac tamponade caused by pericardial effusion due to misplaced peripherally inserted central catheters in extremely low birth weight infants

To prevent fatal complications such as cardiac tamponade, PICCs should be positioned in safe area. Proper placement in the superior vena cava should be confirmed and maintained. Regular verification of catheter tip position and minimizing unnecessary repositioning are essential for preventing catheter-related adverse events in vulnerable preterm infants.