Target bronchus determination in giant emphysematous bullae: A case report

Percutaneous aspiration and drug injection refine target bronchus identification when imaging yields ambiguous results, enhancing precision for subsequent bronchoscopic interventions. This strategy minimizes reliance on endobronchial valves, reducing costs and procedural complexity. Larger studies are needed to validate long-term efficacy, but this approach offers a promising minimally invasive alternative for high-risk patients.