Advancing Endodontic and Prosthodontic Precision: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-based Study of Crown-root Ratios and Root Canal Lengths in a Saudi Subpopulation Cohort

Introduction: Understanding the precise dimensions of crown length, root length, and root canal length, along with root-to-crown (R/C) ratios, is essential for optimizing dental treatments. This retrospective study aimed to assess the R/C ratios and root canal lengths of anterior teeth in both the maxillary and mandibular regions within a Saudi adult subpopulation cohort, utilizing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for imaging. Materials and Methods: A total of 296 CBCT scans from completely dentate Saudi adults (88 females, 60 males) were evaluated. The study focused on twelve maxillary and mandibular permanent anterior teeth, with measurements taken for crown length, root length, root canal length, and R/C ratios. Statistical analyses included an independent sample t -test for gender comparisons and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) to assess the symmetry between the right and left sides. A P < 0.01 was considered statistically significant. Results: The average crown lengths ranged from 8.1 to 10.3 mm, with the longest crowns found in the maxillary central incisors. Root lengths varied from 12.9 to 18.2 mm, with the canines having the longest roots. R/C ratios varied, with the highest for maxillary canines (2.05) and mandibular canines (1.91). Across both arches, lateral incisors, had the shortest clinical crowns, the canines had the longest roots, and central incisors had the lowest C/R ratios. Gender-based analysis showed no significant differences in R/C ratios, although males tended to have slightly longer roots than females. Conclusion: This study highlights distinct dental anatomical features in the Saudi population, particularly in R/C ratios and root canal lengths of anterior teeth. These findings emphasize the need for population-specific dental data to improve treatment outcomes. The use of CBCT provided more accurate measurements than traditional radiographic methods, underscoring its value in clinical practice.