Microribonucleic acids: from lost in translation to the new central dogma of mammary neoplasms in humans and dogs

For a considerable period, microRNAs (miRNAs) were commonly regarded as mere intermediate products devoid of any function. In the past decade, the increasing number of publications on the involvement of miRNAs in oncogenesis and the progression of neoplasms has made them attractive targets, since the malfunction of miRNAs in cells can lead to the dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes and/or oncogenes. The study in question employs an integrative literature review methodology to investigate the role of microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in the context of human breast neoplasms (HBNs) and canine mammary neoplasms (CMNs). The impetus for this research stems from the evolving understanding of miRNAs, which were previously regarded as intermediate products devoid of function. However, they are now recognized as significant players in oncogenesis. There are numerous similarities between epidemiological factors and histopathological aspects of human breast neoplasms (HBNs) and canine mammary neoplasms (CMNs). Computational analyses have also demonstrated miRNA similarity between HBNs and CMNs. These findings suggest that the dog may serve as a suitable model for studying HBNs. miRNA assessment can assist in the diagnosis of mammary neoplasms, as profiles reveal differential expression linked to early detection, prognosis, and treatment.