Obstructive sleep apnea in combination with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Obstructive sleep apnea is a condition characterized by snoring, periodic collapse of the upper respiratory tract at the level of the pharynx and cessation of pulmonary ventilation with continued respiratory efforts, decreased blood oxygen levels, gross fragmentation of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. Bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain a global problem for humanity due to persistent high levels of morbidity and mortality from these diseases. OSA is a common comorbid condition in many diseases, including chronic bronchopulmonary diseases such as BA, COPD and others, and always affects the course of these diseases. The presence of OSA in such patients is associated with disease progression, lack of disease control, frequent exacerbations, and an unfavorable outcome. This category of patients is difficult to treat with standard treatment and achieve disease control. This should be the key aspect in considering the appropriateness of diagnostics for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Despite the available data on the combination of OSA with chronic lung diseases, practitioners in most cases do not recognize this disease, and patients are left without full treatment. Timely detection and correction of OSA can reduce the frequency of hospitalizations, improve the course of BA and COPD, and reduce mortality. It is still relevant to conduct large population studies to identify the comorbidity of OSA in COPD and asthma, which will allow the development of algorithms for the early diagnosis of OSA with appropriate correction.