Filial Piety and Family Caregiver Coherence: Between Expectations and Reality in the Management of Type-2 Diabetes in Indonesia

Background: In Indonesia, managing chronic conditions, like type-2 diabetes (T2D), relies heavily on filial piety and caregiver coherence. Filial piety emphasizes respect and responsibility for caregiving family members, while caregiver coherence reflects alignment and collaboration among caregivers. Despite their importance, the relationship between these factors and T2D management remains unclear, necessitating further investigation. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the relationship between filial piety values and family caregiver coherence among T2D patients, while exploring the influence of demographic factors on these variables. Methods: Using an analytical descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, 324 family caregivers from 14 Primary Health Centers (PHCs) in Malang City, Indonesia, were selected through cluster random sampling. Filial piety values were assessed using the Filial Family Scale (FFS), and family caregiver coherence was measured with the Sense of Coherence-13 (SOC-13) questionnaire. Spearman's rank correlation and multiple logistic regression were employed for statistical analysis. Results: Findings revealed that 84% of respondents displayed high filial piety values, and 63.6% exhibited high family caregiver coherence. However, no significant correlation was identified between filial piety values and caregiver coherence (p = 0.0124, r = 0.086). Familial relationship factors emerged as the primary demographic influence on both variables. Conclusion: Although no direct association was observed, the study highlights the continued importance of filial piety and caregiver coherence in T2D management. The prominence of familial relationships as an independent factor underscores their critical role in chronic disease care within Indonesian cultural settings. Implications for Nursing: This study highlights the need for nurses to strengthen family relationships through culturally sensitive approaches that enhance filial piety and caregiver coherence to improve the effectiveness of type-2 diabetes management. Keywords: Caregivers, Indonesia, Coherence, Filial piety, Type-2 diabetes.