Redefining plastic terminology: The urgent need for standardised definitions in science and policy

Plastic pollution is a pervasive global threat, yet efforts to mitigate it are hindered by inconsistent terminology across scientific, industrial, and policy domains. Key terms, such as “polymer,” “plastic,” and “macromolecule” are often used interchangeably despite distinct meanings. This semantic confusion undermines research integrity, muddles regulatory frameworks, and impedes effective environmental management. Without universally accepted definitions or a clear classification system, data comparability, policy implementation, and interdisciplinary collaboration are significantly compromised. This study systematically examines the scope and impact of terminological inconsistencies in plastics discourse. We conducted a structured review of recent (2020 – 2025) peer-reviewed literature spanning polymer science and environmental policy to assess how definitional ambiguity affects research outcomes and decision-making. The findings reveal that ambiguous usage of fundamental terms has led to misinterpretations in scientific studies, inconsistent policy decisions, and fragmented mitigation strategies. In response, we propose a standardization framework guided by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry principles, delineating clear criteria to distinguish polymers, plastics, and macromolecules. We recommend embedding these standardized definitions across academic publications, industry standards, and environmental policies to improve communication, ensure regulatory clarity, and support sustainable management practices. By establishing a coherent global terminology for plastics, this work underscores an urgent call for collective action. Standardizing the language of plastics will not only enhance data comparability and strengthen international policy initiatives, but also ensure that scientists, policymakers, and industry leaders can collaboratively craft effective, evidence-based solutions to plastic pollution.