Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Neuroinflammation

Published on: June 2025 Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 2025; 18(4):362-366. Review Article| doi: 10.5530/ijopp.20250251Authors and affiliation (s): Priyadharshini R, Sreelakshmi S, Tanuvarthini S.B, Aishwarya .S, Hema .V, Milagrin Xavier* Department of Pharmacy Practice, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal (Affiliated to the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. ABSTRACT Omega-3 fatty acids' anti-inflammatory qualities and impact on the integrity of neuronal membranes make them promising for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. Omega-3 and omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) influence neuroinflammation and cognitive function, making them essential for brain health. Neurodegeneration and mental disorders are associated with deficiency in omega-3 polyunsaturated fats. According to clinical research, taking omega-3 supplements-especially those containing DHA and EPA-may help with cognitive performance and lower neuroinflammation in people with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's illnesses. Mechanistically, omega-3 PUFAs control inflammatory pathways and synaptic function, while DHA suppresses tau protein phosphorylation and Aβ buildup. Omega-3 PUFAs can be obtained through diet, such as fatty fish, although supplementation may be required, particularly in populations with limited consumption or conversion capacity. One useful application of omega-3 fatty acid fortification is providing easy methods to integrate it in everyday diets. Overall, study is needed to determine whether omega-3 fatty acids can prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases. Keywords: Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Neuro Degenerative Disorder, Docosahexaenoic Acid, Elcosapentaenoic Acid.