Gallic Acid as a Sustainable and Green Crosslinker for Biopolymer‐Based Food Packaging Materials

ABSTRACT Biopolymer‐based food packaging films represent a promising avenue for sustainable packaging solutions, offering alternatives to conventional petroleum‐derived plastics. In this context, gallic acid (GA) emerges as a sustainable and green crosslinker for enhancing the properties of biopolymer films. GA, a natural phenolic compound abundant in various plant sources, possesses antioxidant properties and low toxicity, making it an attractive choice for food packaging applications. Unfortunately, there is no report analysing the ongoing progress in using this phenolic compound as a crosslinker in biopolymer‐based packing materials for food applications. So this article completely provides the sources and chemistry of GA and the latest advancements in the integration of GA with different types of natural polymers and their application in food preservation. This review paper also reveals the advances in using GA in protein‐based packaging films (gelatin, tyrosinase, collagen) and biopolyester‐based packaging films and their application in food preservation. The incorporation of GA into biopolymer films enhances mechanical strength, barrier properties and thermal stability, while also imparting antioxidant activity to extend the shelf life of packaged food products. Furthermore, the utilization of GA contributes to the valorization of agricultural by‐products and waste streams, promoting sustainability and waste reduction in the packaging industry. Overall, GA‐based crosslinked biopolymer films offer a promising pathway towards the development of eco‐friendly food packaging solutions, addressing both environmental concerns and consumer demands for safe and sustainable packaging materials.