Recent advances in fish freezing technologies and cold chain management: Ensuring quality from catch to consumer

Recent advances in fish freezing and cold chain technologies have greatly improved the preservation of quality, safety and nutritional value in aquatic products. Traditional freshness evaluation methods are often invasive and time-consuming, but innovative sensor technologies now enable non-invasive, real-time monitoring of spoilage indicators such as volatile compounds and biochemical changes. This review highlights cutting-edge freezing methods like Individually Quick Freezing (IQF), super-chilling, cryogenic and ultrasound-assisted freezing, which enhance texture, reduce nutrient loss and extend shelf life. Additionally, smart sensors, IoT-based systems and advanced packaging are transforming cold chain logistics by improving traceability and quality control. Case studies from leading seafood sectors illustrate best practices, while challenges such as energy use and environmental concerns are addressed. By integrating technological and logistical innovations, the seafood industry can significantly reduce post-harvest losses and ensure food safety, offering valuable insights for future research and sustainable development in global fishery supply chains.