Phytotherapy as a natural alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture

The aquaculture industry, despite its significant economic contributions, faces considerable challenges from infectious diseases and the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).Phytotherapy, the use of plant-derived bioactive compounds, presents a promising alternative to conventional pharmaceuticals for disease management.Medicinal plants have demonstrated antiparasitic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, enhancing fish immunity and overall health.Incorporating herbal supplements into aqua feeds can reduce dependence on synthetic chemotherapeutics, mitigating environmental risks and supporting sustainable aquaculture practices.Additionally, phytotherapy has been shown to improve growth performance, bolster disease resistance, and enhance fish welfare, ultimately leading to increased production efficiency.With rising consumer demand for sustainably farmed seafood, integrating phytotherapy into aquaculture can enhance the industry's sustainability and market competitiveness.This review explores the potential of phytotherapy in revolutionizing disease management strategies and promoting environmentally responsible aquaculture.