A Hybrid Algorithm‐Based Optimal Fractional Order Proportional Integral Controller

ABSTRACT Power Quality (PQ) issues have become increasingly critical in modern electrical systems, especially with the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) like photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind turbines. These RES, while essential for sustainable energy, often introduce disturbances due to their intermittent nature and the presence of non‐linear loads (NLL) in the grid. These disturbances can lead to voltage fluctuations, harmonic distortions, and other PQ concerns, which can affect the performance and lifespan of electrical equipment. To mitigate these PQ issues, Unified Power Quality Conditioners (UPQC) are employed, featuring both series and shunt Active Filter Compensators (AFC). The series compensator protects sensitive loads from grid‐related PQ disturbances, while the shunt compensator facilitates power flow management and voltage regulation by drawing energy from Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS). HESS typically comprises Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and other RES to provide a reliable supply of electricity, ensuring continuous power delivery even during fluctuations. This research focuses on optimizing a Fractional Order Proportional Integral Controller (FOPIC) to enhance the effectiveness of UPQC in maintaining PQ, particularly under scenarios of voltage sag and swell. The FOPIC is designed to incorporate ISO‐dampening characteristics, which help stabilize the DC link voltage, a critical factor in maintaining overall system reliability. To achieve optimal control, this study introduces a novel hybrid optimization technique called Hybrid Seagull Optimization Algorithm with Chicken Swarm (HS‐CS). By merging the concepts of the Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA) and Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO), the proposed methodology aims to improve the performance of the FOPIC in managing PQ issues, including total harmonic distortion (THD). The results of this research demonstrate the effectiveness of the HS‐CS‐enhanced FOPIC in addressing voltage fluctuations and improving overall PQ in systems that integrate HESS and UPQC, contributing to more resilient and efficient energy networks. Accordingly, the proposed technique outperforms conventional methods like CSO + FOPI, GWO + FOPI, and SOA + FOPI by eliminating voltage disruptions during sag and swell conditions, resulting in sinusoidal load voltage and current. It achieves superior battery power, SOC, and a maximum rotor speed of approximately 970 under sag conditions. Stability analysis indicates significantly faster settling times and improved performance metrics, with enhancements up to 53.73% compared to traditional models. Overall, this methodology effectively enhances power quality in renewable energy systems.