Safety First: How protocols, training, and leadership commitment drive performance

In the Malaysian context, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are integral to national economic development; however, they encounter notable challenges in managing occupational safety and health (OSH) relative to larger organizations. This study investigates the influence of safety protocols, training initiatives, and leadership commitment on safety performance within SMEs. Data were collected from 272 SME entrepreneurs using survey instruments adapted from previous studies, and analysed using SPSS. The results indicate that all three factors exert a significant positive impact on safety performance. These findings highlight the need for stronger regulations and active entrepreneurial involvement in implementing effective OSH practices.