Health Literacy in a Protected Area: Stakeholder mapping and system barriers

This study investigates the structural and relational determinants of health literacy in Pahang National Park, Malaysia. Using Net-Map and Social Network Analysis (SNA), we mapped stakeholder relationships among 16 actors involved in health promotion. The network showed moderate cohesion (density = 0.47), with key roles played by clinics, JAKOA, and schools. Thematic analysis revealed barriers in education, infrastructure, poverty, and restrictive policies. Findings highlight the need for cross-sectoral collaboration, school-based interventions, and inclusive policy reforms to improve health literacy in protected communities. Results offer a systems-based framework for advancing health equity in ecologically constrained settings.