Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Head injuries remain a significant cause of mortality and functional impairment, particularly among young adults.Presently, head injuries pose a considerable challenge at the community level, emerging as a major concern.The economic repercussions of head injuries are particularly severe in developing nations such as Bangladesh.Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from May 2022 to July 2023.The study enrolled 117 patients with head injury using purposive sampling.Data were composed through a semi-structured, pre-designed inquiry form and analyzed using MS Office tools.Results: In this study, 28% of the patients were treated conservatively, while the remaining 72% underwent surgical intervention.After treatment, 69.2% of patients were discharged successfully, 27.4% were referred to rehabilitation programs, and 3.4% were referred for further treatment.The study reported a mortality rate of 11.1%.Neurological complications were observed in 20.5% of cases, with early post-traumatic stress (PTS) noted in 16.2% of cases.Non-neurological complications and aspiration pneumonia were observed in 11.1% and 8.5% of cases, respectively.Conclusion: Surgical intervention is common in managing traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, although mortality rates remain a challenge.Neurological complications are frequent, posing challenges in both conservative and surgical management approaches.