Grid-based extension method for anchor circle decision using ship-specific characteristics

With the global increase in maritime cargo volume and vessel size, accurate anchor circle determination is crucial for safe and efficient anchorage management. This study proposes a new grid-based extension method that integrates vessel-specific characteristics with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data to determine anchor circles. Experiments with five vessels at Busan Port demonstrated high accuracy, with a maximum radius error of 9 m, significantly outperforming current Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) systems, which overestimate required radii by 1.7–2.1 times. The method enables immediate field application using existing VTS data, contributing to efficient anchorage management and smart port development.