TEMPORAL PERSPECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING: ANALYZING EXPLANATORY MODELS AND MECHANISMS

Despite the increased interest in empirical studies revealing technologies, resources, and strategies for managing psychological well-being in general and the role of time perspective as a significant resource in particular, there are not enough theoretical concepts explaining the mechanisms of influence of time perspective on psychological well-being. Objective. To analyze the models explaining the mechanisms of the relationship between temporal perspective and psychological well-being. Results. The paper examines the theoretical underpinnings of the temporal perspective model, including how an individual's perception of his or her past, present, and future affects the relatedness and specificity of attitudes toward life. The authors consider temporal perspective as a state, as a personality trait, and as a personal resource. The importance of balancing the time perspective, which in this case plays a regulatory function, is noted. Psychological well-being is defined as a complex, multidimensional construct, including subjective perception of life and filling it with meanings. Enhancers of psychological well-being are identified, including: awareness, enjoyment of the present, gratitude, and prioritization of positivity. The adherence of well-being enhancers to a certain temporal dimension has been noted, which suggests that they are more pronounced in people with a specific temporal modus. Regularities of the relationship between the temporal perspective and subjective well-being of the individual are outlined. The mechanisms of mutual influence and models conceptualizing the relationship are discussed: “trait-behavior”, the model of “accumulation”, “feedback”, “correspondence-incongruence”. The heuristic potential of all the analyzed models is noted, which leads to the necessity of adopting model pluralism, allowing a more comprehensive study of complex phenomena of the human psyche. Conclusion. The main emphasis of this article, which consists in conceptualizing the relationship between time perspective and subjective well-being of the individual, is outlined. It is concluded that it is necessary to pluralism model and take into account all four mechanisms that determine the relationship between the temporal perspective and personality well-being: the mediator role of well-being enhancers between personality traits and the temporal perspective; the regular practice of well-being enhancers to change the temporal focus and, consequently, psychological well-being; the cyclical nature of the mutual influence of constructs; and the coincidence of temporal anchoring with dominant values and expectations. Prospects for further research are outlined.