Evaluation of the biocompatibility of solid lipid nanoparticles of Myristyl Myristate in human blood cells

Introduction: solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as promising drug delivery systems, standing out for their biocompatibility and stability.Objective: to evaluate the biocompatibility of SLNs formulated with myristyl myristate (MM) in human lymphocytes through cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress assays.Methods: SLNs were synthesized using sonication and characterized in terms of size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Concentrations ranging from 18.75 to 300.00 μg/ml were selected for in vitro assays. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, while genotoxicity was analyzed through the Comet assay. Lipid peroxidation was measured by quantifying thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs).Results: after 24 hours of exposure, cell viability remained above 90% at all concentrations. However, after 48 hours, viability decreased at concentrations of 150 and 300 μg/ml. No significant DNA damage or changes in lipid peroxidation levels were observed under any tested condition.Conclusion: these findings suggest that MM-based SLNs exhibit high in vitro biocompatibility, with no relevant short-term cytotoxic or genotoxic effects. However, further studies in in vivo models and under prolonged exposure conditions are necessary to assess their safety for biomedical applications.