Evaluating the impact of Blockchain technology on supply chain transparency and traceability

This study investigates the impact of blockchain technology on supply chain transparency, traceability, and operational efficiency through a systematic literature review and content analysis. Drawing from peer-reviewed journals and industry reports published between 2020 and 2025, the research synthesizes insights into how blockchain is being integrated across various supply chain contexts. Key objectives include evaluating blockchain's role in enhancing data integrity, identifying implementation challenges, and proposing strategic recommendations for stakeholders. The findings reveal that blockchain significantly improves supply chain visibility, reduces information asymmetry, and mitigates risks related to fraud and counterfeiting. Smart contracts, integration with IoT, and verification systems are identified as pivotal innovations supporting automation and compliance. However, technological complexities, regulatory ambiguity, and organizational resistance remain key barriers to widespread adoption. The study also highlights the economic benefits of blockchain, including cost savings and return on investment, while emphasizing its role in promoting sustainable and ethical practices. Strategic recommendations include phased adoption through pilot projects, investment in infrastructure and talent, and proactive policy development. The paper concludes by calling for interdisciplinary research to guide long-term blockchain integration and underscores the technology’s transformative potential in creating resilient, transparent, and future-ready supply chains. Keywords: Blockchain, Supply Chain, Transparency, Traceability, Smart Contracts.