Socio-Economic Profiling of Dairy Farmers in Kumaon Region of Uttarakhand, India: A Multidimensional Study on Knowledge, Adoption, and Access to Support Services and Resources

Dairy farming plays a critical role in meeting the nutritional needs of India's growing population while offering significant livelihood opportunities, particularly in rural and hilly regions like Uttarakhand. This study aimed to assess the socio-economic profile, knowledge level, adoption behavior, and access to resources among dairy farmers in the Kumaon region, covering the districts of Almora and Pithoragarh. A sample of 100 dairy farmers was selected randomly from ten villages in two districts, and data were collected through direct interviews using a pre-tested questionnaire. Findings revealed that dairy farming in the region is primarily managed by middle-aged male farmers with marginal landholdings and secondary-level education. Most farmers operate in joint family systems and engage in dairy alongside other agricultural activities. Despite a high willingness to adopt improved dairy practices, the majority demonstrated only medium levels of knowledge and adoption, with limited access to training and support services. Women, although heavily involved in daily operations, were underrepresented in ownership and decision-making roles. The study underscores the importance of targeted interventions to improve training, extension contact, media exposure, and gender inclusion. Enhancing access to resources and promoting women’s participation as recognized entrepreneurs are essential to making dairy farming more sustainable and equitable. These insights are vital for shaping region-specific strategies and policy frameworks that support the long-term viability of the dairy sector in hilly terrains.