Groundwater quality in kidney stones prevalent areas of Chandrapur district, Central India

The study aimed to determine groundwater quality in the kidney stone-prevalent areas—identified by local nephrologists of the study area—in Chandrapur district, Central India. For this objective, 47 groundwater samples were collected from dug wells and hand pumps in the summer season from those sampling locations where kidney stone patients are prevalent. The groundwater samples were collected by grab sampling and assessed for various physiochemical parameters as described in American Public Health Association. The findings reveal that the average concentration of total dissolved solids (2236 mg/L), alkalinity (356 mg/L as CaCO3), total hardness (398 mg/L as CaCO3), calcium hardness (202 mg/L as CaCO3), magnesium hardness (196 mg/L as CaCO3), and chloride (394 mg/L) were above the acceptable and permissible limits of the Indian Standard for drinking water, except for sulfate (40 mg/L), which was within the acceptable limit. These ions interact with one another, and this geochemistry has a direct bearing on the health of the population living in the study area. In the majority of cases, perhaps, it is the groundwater that is used for drinking, and the input of the above-mentioned ions into the body may result in diseases such as chronic kidney diseases.