Modelling of Barriers to Productivity: A Hybrid TISM Approach.

The purpose of this study is to build a structural relationship model based on total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) and fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL) technique for analysis and investigating the barriers responsible for the decline in saffron productivity. Nevertheless, saffron harvesting provides a livelihood to the farmers, but due to the limited geographical scope and climate-sensitive cultivation, its productivity has been declining, creating an imbalance in the saffron supply chain. Many studies have been carried out using hybrid TISM-DEMATEL techniques in many other dimensions, but knowledge is scarce on the contextual relationships among saffron productivity barriers. Nine potential barriers to the productivity of saffron were identified. The research study identifies a Lack of scientific awareness, Technical inefficiency, and Climate change as the most significant drivers influencing saffron productivity. Addressing these barriers is crucial for improving the imbalance in the saffron supply chain.