A Comprehensive Survey: Energy-Efficient, Cluster-Based Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks Using Fuzzy Logic

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are essential for many applications, such as smart cities, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. However, because sensor nodes have limited power resources, energy efficiency and network longevity continue to be major concerns. Fuzzy-based Routing and clustering protocols have been created to overcome these difficulties, using fuzzy logic to improve data transmission and cluster formation decision-making. This survey demonstrates the conventional methods as well as the cutting-edge hybrid approaches in WSN. In addition, it highlights the integration of fuzzy logic with other advanced techniques like machine learning, genetic algorithms, and swarm intelligence, which aim to further enhance energy efficiency, scalability, and overall network performance. By exploring the strengths and limitations of these hybrid models, the survey provides valuable insights into the future direction of WSN research, emphasizing the need for adaptive, intelligent systems capable of addressing the evolving challenges of real-world applications.