POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME UNDERGOING GENERAL ANESTHESIA

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common but frequently undiagnosed sleep-related breathing disorder that increases perioperative risk due to recurrent upper airway obstruction, oxygen desaturation, and autonomic instability. Even in mild or unrecognized cases, OSA can significantly raise the likelihood of respiratory and cardiovascular complications following surgery. In light of evolving anesthesia techniques and perioperative care, understanding OSA's true clinical burden is essential for enhancing patient safety and recovery. Objective: To determine the incidence and types of postoperative complications—particularly respiratory and cardiovascular—in patients with OSA undergoing general anesthesia, and to explore strategies that reduce perioperative morbidity and improve surgical outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over four months in the surgical departments of two tertiary hospitals in Lahore. A total of 80 adult patients (45 males, 35 females) diagnosed or suspected with OSA and undergoing general anesthesia for elective procedures were enrolled. Data collection involved preoperative screening using the STOP-BANG questionnaire, intraoperative anesthesia records, and postoperative complication tracking in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Vital signs and the duration of anesthesia were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: Respiratory complications were observed in 30% of patients, including oxygen desaturation (15%), respiratory failure (10%), and respiratory arrest (5%). Cardiovascular events occurred in 20%, with hypertension and hypotension each affecting 10% and 5% respectively, along with arrhythmias (5%). Moderate to severe postoperative pain was reported in 80%, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) affected 40%. The mean hospital stay was 3.2 days. STOP-BANG scores ≥5 correlated with increased complication rates and prolonged anesthetic duration. Conclusion: Patients with OSA undergoing general anesthesia face elevated risks of cardiorespiratory complications and postoperative morbidity. Structured preoperative screening, optimized airway strategies, and adherence to CPAP protocols are essential to improve patient safety and surgical outcomes.