Evaluating framework for the capability of construction robots

Purpose Construction robots have significant potential for development in intelligent construction. However, specialized tools to evaluate the progression of construction robots are lacking, leading to uncertainty among stakeholders regarding the current status of construction robots and a cautious attitude toward their adoption. Therefore, this study developed a construction robot capability maturity model to measure the development status of construction robots on the market. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a qualitative approach based on a literature review to develop a maturity model for construction robot capabilities. First, through systematic analysis of existing studies, it optimizes the construction robot capability system based on four dimensions: perception, analysis, decision-making, and execution. Based on this system, it constructs a maturity model for assessing construction robots’ capabilities in the construction phase. The model consists of five levels: initial, starting, development, advanced, and optimization. The design emphasizes logical and theoretical consistency with the robot’s development history. Afterwards, it verifies the validity of the model through case and function evaluation. Findings After applying the model to 21 cases of construction robots, this study verifies the effectiveness of the model through subsequent function evaluation. In addition, the findings reveal the overall immaturity of the construction robot market. The study also identifies significant variations in the capabilities of construction robots depending on task requirements, highlighting the need for task-specific advancements. Furthermore, the analysis sheds light on key technological development trends and priorities, such as modelling and task planning capabilities, which can guide future research and industry innovations. Originality/value This study innovatively proposes a generalized capability maturity model for construction robots. This model offers a comprehensive quantitative instrument for stakeholders to appraise construction robots’ capabilities and suggest ways to enhance their performance. Ultimately, it facilitates the application and advancement of construction robots.