Multilateral Approaches to Space Security: The Uneven Integration of ‘Cyber Threats

This article examines multilateral approaches to space security under the scope of cyber-related challenges. It begins by considering diplomatic efforts at the Conference on Disarmament to build space security, with particular emphasis on renewed efforts on the prevention of an arms race in outer space (PAROS). It then explores the distinction between legally binding or non-legally binding instruments, a distinct – but complementary – approach to space security, and proceeds to assess the importance of engaging in multilateral discussions. The analysis subsequently turns to the notion of ‘threat vectors’, categorizing space threats from a general approach to a cyber-focused perspective, followed by a discussion of means for strengthening cyber protection with both preventative and reactive legal mechanisms. The article concludes by examining the challenges of addressing cyber-related threats in space security-related discussions at the multilateral level.