Comedy as a Tool for Social Criticism and Sustainability: An Analysis of Moliere’s <i>Tartuffe, the Misanthrope and the Miser</i>

Comedy has long served as a dynamic tool for social critique. This is y offering a unique blend of humor and insight into societal flaws. Molière, the preeminent 17th-century French playwright, used comedy not merely to entertain but to expose the hypocrisies, contradictions, and excesses of his time. This study examines how Molière’s Tartuffe, The Misanthrope, and The Miser employ comedic elements to critique unsustainable behaviors and advocate for social and ethical sustainability. Using the theoretical framework of social realism, the analysis explores how Molière’s grounded characters reveal the fragility of societal structures that prioritise personal greed, hypocrisy, and superficiality over accountability, authenticity, and mutual respect. In Tartuffe, Molière critiques the dangers of religious hypocrisy and blind faith. Thus, showing how they erode family trust and social cohesion. Through the character of Tartuffe, the play demonstrates the unsustainability of privileging appearances over ethical accountability. The Misanthrope addresses the tension between rigid authenticity and societal conformity. Thus, illustrating how sustainable relationships require a balance between personal integrity and adaptability. Alceste’s idealism and frustrations with societal superficiality highlight the need for compromise in maintaining meaningful connections. Finally, The Miser critiques avarice and the prioritisation of wealth over familial bonds. Hence, exposing how material greed undermines emotional well-being and community harmony. The study concludes that Molière’s comedies transcend their historical contex. This is by offering timeless lessons on sustainability. His works advocate for ethical responsibility, transparency, and adaptability as essential components of sustainable social systems. Through the lens of humor, Molière critiques societal dysfunction and also inspires reflection on the values necessary for building cohesive and enduring communities.