Biological productivity and ecological optimization of fisheries use of lake Kagul

This article presents a comprehensive study of the biological productivity of Lake Kagul (Odesa Region) as an object of fisheries utilization within the framework of a natural eutrophic ecosystem.The relevance of the issue lies in the need to optimize fisheries activities under conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure and climatic fluctuations, which significantly affect the structural and functional state of the aquatic ecosystem.The research evaluates the natural food base (phyto-and zooplankton), analyzes the species composition of commercial fish, examines catch dynamics, stocking efficiency, and the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors on the productivity of the lake.Particular attention is paid to the practical experience of local fisheries, including the dynamics of post-stocking commercial return, the results of applied biotechnological measures, and the organizational models of management.Modern approaches to fisheries intensification are discussed, taking into account ecological risks such as eutrophication, the spread of invasive species, and the degradation of natural spawning habitats.A list of technical, biotechnical, and organizational solutions is provided, aimed at increasing fish productivity while preserving biodiversity.Conceptual foundations for sustainable aquatic resource management are proposed based on ecosystem and adaptive approaches.The prospects for the development of fisheries on Lake Kagul are outlined, with emphasis on the implementation of systematic ecological monitoring, improvement of stocking schemes, and the formation of a coordinated management model involving scientists, resource users, and regional authorities.