Enhancing the Efficiency of Steam Turbine Cycles Through the Application of Physical Fields to the Working Fluid

Introduction. Increasing the efficiency of thermal power plants (TPPs) and combined heat and power plants(CHPs) remains a key research focus worldwide. Various approaches have been explored, including the integration of advanced cycles such as steam-gas and gas-steam systems, increasing steam parameters to ultra-supercritical conditions, and employing alternative working fluids optimized for thermodynamic performance, such astho se used in the Organic Rankine Cycle.Problem Statement. The identification of novel methods to deliberately modify the physicochemical and thermodynamic properties of the working fluid in steam turbine power plants has the potential to enhance their efficiency without necessitating major modifi cations to system components or substantial capital investment.Purpose. This study aims to develop a method for improving the efficiency, reliability, environmental sustainability, and resource efficiency of thermal energy systems by altering the physical, chemical, and thermophysical properties of the working fluid through exposure to physical fields.Materials and Methods. The research has employed water and steam as working fluids, comprehensive literature analysis, and experimental studies on the effects of physical fields on water. These experiments have been conducted using a thermodynamic test bench developed at the IPMash NASU. Analytical methods based on classical thermodynamics and turbomachinery theory have been applied to evaluate the impact. Results. The study has established that the structural rearrangement of water clusters under the influence of physical fields leads to measurable changes in its physicochemical and thermophysical properties. A conceptual framework has been developed to optimize the technological cycle of steam turbine units at various operational stages. Specific physical fields suitable for application at each stage have been identified.Conclusions. The proposed concept offers multiple advantages, including enhanced performance of heat engineering equipment and evaporative cooling systems, an estimated 5–7% increase in steam turbine cycle efficiency, significant improvements in water treatment processes, and a 90% reduction in the use of chemical reagents, thereby improving environmental sustainability.