Resilient restoration of low-inertia networked microgrids with inverter-based energy resource domination

This paper proposes a resilient restoration method for low-inertia networked microgrids (NMGs) dominated with inverter-based energy resources (IBERs). First, a frequency dynamics-aware NMG restoration model is developed, integrating a unified frequency control response framework that accommodates various control strategies while ensuring the system stability during restoration. Case studies for a low-inertia NMG demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Numerical results show that different IBER control methods could have a significant impact on restoration efficiency and economic losses. Additionally, strict frequency security requirements can predominantly increase the restoration time, calling for a critical trade-off between maintaining network security margins and restoration time for enhancing the resilience of low-inertia NMGs dominated with IBERs.