Influence of gang productivity of labour on ship turnaround time at Dar es Salaam Port

Efficient port management is crucial for maritime trade and economic growth. This study used a Mixed Effects Panel Model to analyse data from 2018-2022, exploring the influence of labour gang productivity on ship turnaround time at Dar es Salaam Port. Secondary data from TPA and TASAC, along with diagnostic tests (Lagrange Multiplier, Hausman, Chow, Wooldridge), confirmed the model's robustness. Findings revealed that a 10% improvement in gang productivity reduces turnaround times by 15% for general cargo and Ro-Ro ships, and by 7% for dry bulk cargo. Additionally, a 20% increase in equipment capability leads to a 12% reduction in turnaround time. These results underscored the interdependence of labour productivity and equipment efficiency. To enhance output, recommendations include regular equipment maintenance, public-private partnerships, and continuous labourer training. These measures could reduce turnaround times by up to 30%, boosting the competitiveness of Dar es Salaam Port in regional trade.