Prevalence of Malocclusions and Oral habits in a preschool Albanian children population: A cross-sectional study

Aim: Malocclusions represent a significant concern in pediatric dentistry, affecting craniofacial growth, masticatory function, and overall wellbeing. Understanding their prevalence and associated risk factors is crucial for implementing effective public health interventions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malocclusions and oral habits among preschool children in Albania and examine their interrelationship. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1213 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years from eight districts in Albania. Clinical orthodontic examinations and parental questionnaires were employed to assess malocclusion types and oral habits. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27.0, and statistical significance was determined using Chi-square tests. Results: Malocclusions were observed in 52% of the studied population, with vertical anomalies, particularly increased overbite being the most prevalent. Non-nutritive sucking habits. especially pacifier use (47.8%), were commonly reported. While no significant gender differences in malocclusion prevalence were noted, variations across different age groups were evident. A significant correlation was established between oral breathing and anterior open bite. Conclusions: The findings highlight the necessity of early orthodontic evaluation and targeted public health strategies to mitigate malocclusion development. Preventive measures addressing deleterious oral habits should be integrated into pediatric dental care to support optimal craniofacial development.